Self- Geopolymer Composites for Sustainable Development: A Compacting Review

Abstract

Concrete, the second most widely used material after water, heavily relies on Portland cement production, which generates substantial carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, demanding high energy inputs. The urgent need for alternatives has led to the development of sustainable geopolymer concrete (GPC), which eliminates the use of Portland cement. GPC reduces carbon emissions, enhances durability, and is environmentally friendly due to its reliance on natural or industrial resources like silica fume, GGBFS, and fly ash, known for their silica and alumina content. This approach not only addresses the disposal of industrial pollutants but also reduces the carbon footprint. GPC's composite binders are activated using alkali solutions like NaOH and Na2SiO4 or KOH and K2SiO3. Self-compacting eco-friendly GPC concrete (SCG) has been developed to overcome compaction issues, relying solely on its weight for compaction without additional operations. This study thoroughly investigates the influence of various factors such as curing temperature, superplasticizer, molarity, binding materials, and fibers on SCG's fresh and mechanical properties, highlighting potential outcomes and knowledge gaps. Existing literature supports SCG as an environmentally superior alternative to conventional concrete, promoting waste utilization and resource conservation. This publication also addresses global acceptability factors influencing SCG production and its characteristics.