An In-Depth Analysis of Emerging Trends and Applications in Computing

Abstract

Due to constant growth in computer science, many domains now experience difficulties with implementing new technologies successfully. The main concerns involve the privacy of data, the biased results of AI algorithms, major threats caused by cyberattacks, and the inability to grow the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. Such problems stop organizations from building reliable, secure, and smart digital settings in healthcare, business, and similar fields. At present, researchers are working harder, using a mix of AI, cybersecurity, edge and cloud computing, and quantum technology techniques to tackle these issues. The report shows that the most research has been done in Machine Learning and AI, with more than 900 publications in the past three years, surpassed by only Cybersecurity and IoT domains, each reaching more than 1,000. They introduce novel ideas by concentrating on deep learning, identifying risks, handling data in real time, and designing secure architectures. Other important sectors are blockchain, cloud computing, edge computing linked to 5G, and domain-specific activities within health and finance. Although we have access to a wide range of studies, many serious limitations continue to exist. AI struggles with how to make its applications fair and understandable, while cybersecurity is still having difficulty dealing with new types of attacks and AI problems. The two areas must find solutions for scaling up, cutting power use, and securely joining with current systems. On top of that, challenging resource management and delayed outcomes can happen with cloud and edge systems, mainly when applications need real-time responses. Although quantum computing is promising, it is currently limited by the problems of building working devices and correcting errors. The paper includes both quantitative and qualitative studies of recent articles and outlines ideas for future research. It points out that cooperative work on strong principles, flexible system designs, and stable security measures can tackle existing issues. Overall, this effort targets guiding researchers and practitioners in making full use of emerging trends to form stable, intelligent, and ecologically friendly computing environments.